Music as Social and Political Instrument of Change in Latin America Free Essays

Philosophers and critics have long argued over which way the maxim should read:   does art imitate life, or does life imitate art?   Historically, artists of every medium have contributed to the social dialogue via there works, whether through hieroglyphics depicting a successful journey to the underworld, a holy Requiem for the dead, or shock artist Robert Mapplethorpe’s sexually and religiously controversial exhibits.   Music transcends most art forms as a tool for unification because it inherently invites participation, even more so than dance or theater in the realm of the performing arts, which demand more individual preparation.   Songs and chants can be generated anywhere, and often hearken back to indigenous folk music that taps into a communal experience, thus strengthening the sense of interconnectedness. We will write a custom essay sample on Music as Social and Political Instrument of Change in Latin America or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Latin American, two similar genres of music developed out of the cultural music of the region in response to contemporary socio-political issues that personally affected in Chile and Cuba.   In Chile, Nueva Cancià ³n (â€Å"New Song†) emerged in the mid-1960s, just as Nueva Trova was taking root in Cuba.   In light of the New Song movement’s intimate relationships in the revolutions that rocked Latin America during the late 60s to mid 70s, one is urged to conclude that Eric Selbin’s assertion regarding revolutions being â€Å"made† not â€Å"arriving† more accurately reflects the inherent ideological influence in socio-political upheaval.   As Nancy Morris records a member of the musical movement saying, â€Å"’[Canto Nuevo is] not just a post-1973 way of singing.   In what is said and how it’s said poetically and musically, Canto Nuevo is a process’† (qtd. in Morris 118). Both musical movements stemmed from artistic reactions to the living and working conditions in Chile and Cuba respectively, and both embraced traditional folk music’s conventions as a platform to express politicized lyrics.   â€Å"New Song began as a fusion of traditional musical forms with socially relevant lyrics.   Although each country has developed variations of New Song that reflect local social and political conditions and musical styles, New Song as a whole can be characterized as music intended to support and promote social change† (Morris 117). In Chile, songwriter, activist, educator, poet and martyr Victor Para wrote songs that for many defined the atmosphere of the movement and the hope of the community. His song, â€Å"Plegaria a un Labrador,† which â€Å"uses Biblical language to convey a message of hope and change,† was chosen as the best song of the Primer Festival de la Nueva Cancià ³n Chilena in 1969 (Morris 120).   Jara’s music (and the music of the entire movement) was like a responding chorus to the political requests of Salvador Allende, the Unidad Popular (â€Å"Popular Unity†) coalition candidate.   In â€Å"Plegaria a un Labrador,† Jara wrote the following lyrics: levà ¡ntate y mà ­rate las manos,  para crecer estrà ©chalas a tu hermano.   Juntos iremos   unidos en la sangre.   Hoy es el tiempo que puede ser maà ±ana   rise up and look upon your hands,   so as to grow clasp your brother’s in your own.   We shall advance together united in our blood.   Today is the time/when we can shape tomorrow. These lyrics suggest a call to arms and a charge to unify (i.e., â€Å"Unidad Popular†) so that the many can affect positive change for the good of the citizenry.   Yet there is still a sense of hope in the song, that the working class have the capacity to stand together and â€Å"advance,† not simply battle meaninglessly against oppression.   Jara went on to openly support Allende, including performing free concerts. Only three years after Allende was elected, the US-supported military staged a coup on September 11, 1973.   Allende most likely committed suicide. â€Å"The music of the Nueva Cancià ³n was severely affect by this media censorship [after the coup]. It was banned from the airwaves, removed from record stores, confiscated, and burned†¦ musicians were exiled, imprisoned, and, in the well-known case of Victor Jara, killed† (Morris 123). On September 12, 1973, Jara and thousands of other Allende supporters were taken to the Chile Stadium, where Jara was tortured and murdered.   The new government tried to silence the Nueva Cancià ³n by forcing the musicians to hide, but the music was not the property of the musicians; as Jara so eloquently wrote, the music was for the working people of Chile, and thus is was not to be completely suppressed. In Cuba, the revolution began with in 1953 with the guerilla attack on the Moncada Barracks and culminated in the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista’s government on January 1, 1959 by a group, which included Fidel Castro, Raul Castro, and Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara.   After he assumed power, Castro spent the early part of the 1960s eliminating all Batista loyalists, including the mass execution of 70 Batista regime soldiers.   One crucial element of support for Castro’s social change, even in the wake of such brutality, was the proliferation of songs that supported the revolution and its progressive intentions. Artists such as Silvio Rodrà ­guez and   Pablo Milanà ©s were responsible for the Nueva Trova in the late 60s, and their efforts were directed to re-imagining the traditional music for the new culture under Castro’s political umbrella.   To this end, the government sponsored and supported those artists of the movement, because they were, in turn, supporting the progressive movements of the new party.   Both Rodrà ­guez and Milanà ©s wrote songs for Che Guevara, for example.   â€Å"By negotiating their way through Cuban cultural politics, Rodriguez’s generation defined their politics in the process, proving Cuban culture to be diverse and inspiring,†¦challenging propaganda clichà ©s by creating the distinctive self- critical songs of the Cuban revolution,† (Fairly 15). In both countries, the music makers were part of the recipe for social and political change.   Their lyrics gave illiterate people a way to express their frustrations and concerns, and the musicians of the Nueva Cancià ³n worked with and against the political forces of their day.   As Fairly writes:  In a country not blessed with newspapers, the words of songs matter: songs like the iconic Ojala, a song about impossible desire and dreams that seems to capture all life’s uncertainties in one, became the soundtrack of everyday life across the Spanish-speaking world. Although he was no apologist for the revolution, Rodriguez’s popularity at home became so great that people joked that he had gone from being â€Å"banned† to â€Å"obligatory.† (15)  This sense of obligation is part of the way in which many people have a hand in creating and growing massive socio-political movements. Works Cited Jan Fairley. â€Å"Film Music: Jazz, World, Folk etc†¦ An accidental hero: For Latin Americans, Silvio Rodriguez is the equivalent of the Beatles and Dylan rolled into one. Ahead of a rare UK visit, Jan Fairley met the Cuban singer.† The Guardian Sept. 2006: 15.  Ã‚   National Newspapers, London, UK. ProQuest. 6 Feb. 2007 ;http://www.proquest.com/;  Morris, Nancy.   â€Å"Canto Porque es Necesario Cantar: The New Song Movement in Chile, 1973-1983.† Latin American Research Review 21.2 (1986): 117-136. ; ; How to cite Music as Social and Political Instrument of Change in Latin America, Essay examples

Information Governance Desired Goal of the System

Question: Discuss about the Report for Information Governance for Desired Goal of the System. Answer: Introduction Information Governance or IG can be seen as the process of ensuring efficient use of resources of an organization to achieve the desired goal of the system. IG is a multidisciplinary structure that deals with the policies and processes for managing the information and hence using it for satisfying the operational requirements of the organization (Smallwood 2014). This work is aimed to review to article related to information governance. In his article Debreceny (2013) has discussed the research that was done on IT governance, associated risk and the values of the system, further the challenges and the opportunity encountered during the research has been presented for a deeper understanding of the subject. The second article SpremiĆ¡ et al. (2013) have discussed the implementation of IT governance standards and business continuity management in the banking sector in Croatia and Bosnia. The authors have discovered a novel technique of combining the technology and the planning perspective for business continuity management. Analysis The IT governance is the framework that ensures the support of IT infrastructure to enable and ensure the strategic goals of the organization. The IT governance is an umbrella which contains specific domains like Business Continuity Management, regulations, service management, project governance, etc. (De Haes and Van Grembergen 2015). With the recent evolution of computer and allied accessories and services the information and IT governance have become almost one (Community.aiim.org, 2016). The article authored by Debreceny (2013) has discussed the broader aspect of the IT governance and SpremiĆ¡ et al. (2013) have discussed BCM (Business Continuity management) for IT governance in the two countries. Strategic Information Systems (IS) management ensures the utilization of the existing knowledge for forecasting the results of the processes according to the requirement. BCM fall under the umbrella of Information system management, it ensures resilience to the business and easy and fast trouble shooting framework (Jrvelinen 2013). The main issue that has been addressed in the first paper has been due to the issue that has been faced in Accounting Information System (AIS). As has been mentioned in the paper, there is a wide range of research interest in the area of IT Governance, the research areas that have caught the fancy of the researcher are risk management, management of values and value delivery which helps in sorting out the problems of both AIS and MIS (Management Information System). The research in the domain of ITG have helped in better functioning of business by helping in the evolution of business strategic planning with the help of IT enabled tools, setting up of effic ient technological platform for better performance and firm management (Debreceny 2013). In the second paper, the authors have emphasised the importance of the BCM techniques which has emerged again with the advent of the internet and e-business. With the evolution of the technology the BCM has become an integral part of the Information System (IS). The businesses today need the services to be available round the clock for ensuring continuous availability, hence making the BCM the most vital tool for each business (SpremiĆ¡ et al. 2013). The literature review done by the author of the paper suggests that the investment dimensions of ITG demands assurance of facilitation of the strategic and the tactical goals of the organization. ITG is the subset of the corporate governance although the line that existed between them is slowly fading with the advent of the mobile computing devices. The umbrella of corporate governance covers various parameters and ITG is evidently the most important one and the penetration of technology has eased the different aspects of the business (Bnten et al. 2014). The literature review done by SpremiĆ¡ et al. (2013) shows the emergence of separate discipline for IT around 15 years ago. The emergence of the technology has reduced the separation between the IT and managerial disciplines with the emergence of online business platforms as mentioned before. The high availability systems which have an uptime for almost 99%, are deciding the fate of business with advanced user feedback too ls that records data throughout the day. Theses system decides the various scenarios for availability depending upon the availability, downtime, tolerance, etc. An adaptation form the paper shows the impact of downtime upon the user of the online services. The continuously available services that have an uptime of more than 99.99% had no impact upon the tolerance level of the user, the system with little lower rate of uptime 99.9% created a business interruption, but a system with lesser uptime resulted in business losses that could be very vital for an organization. Business Continuity Institute (thebci.org 2016), has defined the BCM as the holistic management process that help the system in identification of the potential threats to an organization and helps in making the system more versatile and resilient to stress. The risk management in an organization can be assessed with the help of tools like audits and quality assessments of the system. The aspects that have to be properly scrutinized include the Information System (IS) and the IT. The aim of such audit that is carried out in the system is to understand the key business processes and the impact of IT upon them. This helps in contingency analysis, the security threats to the system and a better and efficient control of the system. After the identification of the contingencies, the required steps have to be taken into account for prevention, they are acceptance (organization lives with the risk), reduction (necessary steps are taken to reduce the impact), avoidance (nullifies the problem) , sharing (shares among the people for reducing the impact). According to Debreceny (2013) the core issue with the ITG lies with the alignment of ITG and the allied processes of the system. Many researchers have worked upon the strategic alignment of the system for setting a proper technological direction. Since all the decisions are taken by the finance department of the system, hence the major consumer of the IT services of a system is the finance department as it need to understand the various aspect of the project its progress and the real need and demand. Also IT helps the top brass of the organization to keep track of the system progress thus helping them to take decisions that are in best interest of the company. The increased integration of the various chains into one system too has made the decision maker dependent upon the real time data generation for which the internal audit function plays a major role in deciding the different aspect of the system functions (Huber 2013) . The author also feels that the revenue invested in audit and the resources allotted for audit is very low and should be increased for a better system. Further in his paper the author has given the research direction for researchers, he has mentioned that process maturity is an important aspect of ITG and due importance should be given to it for a better system. Conclusion In this article, the various aspects of information governance were discussed in detail for better management of the system. For a better understanding of the subject, two articles have been critically compared, contrasted and analyzed. The first article which discusses the IT governance for information governance, the risks and values have helped in understanding the challenges and the opportunities that make or mars a system. The second article detailed the development of business continuity management over a decade and implementation of technology and planning for better information governance. The analyses of the two articles have helped in developing a better understanding of the subject. References Bnten, S., Joshi, A., De Haes, S., and Van Grembergen, W., 2014. Understanding the association between IT governance maturity and IT governance disclosure.International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG),5(1), pp.16-33. Community.aiim.org. (2016). Defining the Differences Between Information Governance, IT Governance, Data Governance - Association for Information and Image Management International. [online] Available at: https://community.aiim.org/blogs/robert-smallwood/2014/08/18/defining-the-differences-between-information-governance-it-governance--data-governance [Accessed 2 Sep. 2016]. De Haes, S. and Van Grembergen, W., 2015.Enterprise Governance of Information Technology: Achieving Alignment and Value, Featuring COBIT 5. Springer. Debreceny, R.S., 2013. Research on IT governance, risk, and value: Challenges and opportunities.Journal of Information Systems,27(1), pp.129-135. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Huber, G.P., 2013. 16 Information Technology and Organizational Decision Making The effects of advanced information technologies on.Strategic Information Management, p.460. Jrvelinen, J., 2013. IT incidents and business impacts: Validating a framework for continuity management in information systems.International Journal of Information Management,33(3), pp.583-590. Smallwood, R.F., 2014.Information Governance: Concepts, strategies, and best practices. John Wiley Sons. SpremiĆ¡, M., BajgoriĆ¡, N. and Turulja, L., 2013. Implementation of IT governance standards and business continuity management in transition economies: The case of the banking sector in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina.Ekonomska istraÃ…Â ¾ivanja,26(1), pp.183-202. The user, S. (2016). What is Business Continuity?. [online] Thebci.org. Available at: https://www.thebci.org/index.php/resources/what-is-business-continuity [Accessed 2 Sep. 2016].

Seasonality in Melaka Tourism Industry free essay sample

Seasonality in tourism demand is common among all sectors which involve in the industry and become a focal issue, particularly in the peripheral destinations and areas with four seasons. Seasonality phenomenon in tourism can be seen obviously in the East Coast of the Peninsular Malaysia during the Northeast Monsoon due to the heavy rainfalls and this affect seriously on the tourist arrivals to the islands which are the main tourist destinations. The issues of seasonality in tourism demand should not only focus on the natural aspect, where we could also look through some places which might have the possibility of having the same phenomenon in other tourist destinations. Thus, the main objectives of this research are to identify the pattern of tourist arrivals and to examine the factors of the seasonal tourism demand. The reason of doing this research in Melaka is because of the increment in tourist arrivals and heavy tourism activities since it was declared as one of the World Heritage Cities by UNESCO in year 2008. We will write a custom essay sample on Seasonality in Melaka Tourism Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the congestion and overcrowded during peak season which exceed the carrying capacity has affected the quality of the environment and the travel experience of the tourists. On the other hand, the seasonal phenomenon also affects on the tourism businesses particularly during the low season which causes them hard to survive. The local authority has to take actions to overcome this problem in ensuring an excellent tourism development since the economic development of Melaka relies heavily on the tourism industry within the area.

Free Essays on Reality In A Midsummer Nights Dream

â€Å"More strange than true. I never may believe these antic fables, nor these fairy toys. Lovers and madmen have such seething brains, such shaping fantasies, that apprehend more than cool reason ever comprehends. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet are of imagination all compact. One sees more devils than vast hell can hold; that is the madman. The lover, all as frantic, sees Helen’s beauty in a brow of Egypt. The poet’s eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven; and as imagination bodies forth the forms of things unknown, the poet’s pen turns them to shapes, and gives to aery nothing a local habitation and a name. Such tricks hath strong imagination , that if it would but apprehend some joy, it comprehends some bringer of that joy; or in the night, imagining some fear, how easy is a bush suppos’d a bear!† Theseus (5.1.2-22) In the concluding act of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Theseus refers to the madness of love through his discussion of the relationship between lovers, poets, and madmen. Love’s virtue is defined through a common image of sight, which tries to make a distinction between what is rational and what is not in love. Theseus is stressing the point that love is of the imagination; it makes a person see things that are not really there. The passage is extremely visual, allowing the reader to understand Theseus’ point clearly. The lover, the poet, and the madman are paralleled through the common image of sight to suggest that truth is ultimately subjective, such that each person makes his own truth. The mentally ill hallucinate, lovers see ugly people as beautiful, and poets create an imaginary world to give life to ideas by "giving to aery nothing a local habitation and a name." After hearing of the events in the woods shared between the young lovers, Theseus feels that the events are â€Å"more strange than true,† as they are more bizarre than... Free Essays on Reality In A Midsummer Night's Dream Free Essays on Reality In A Midsummer Night's Dream â€Å"More strange than true. I never may believe these antic fables, nor these fairy toys. Lovers and madmen have such seething brains, such shaping fantasies, that apprehend more than cool reason ever comprehends. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet are of imagination all compact. One sees more devils than vast hell can hold; that is the madman. The lover, all as frantic, sees Helen’s beauty in a brow of Egypt. The poet’s eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven; and as imagination bodies forth the forms of things unknown, the poet’s pen turns them to shapes, and gives to aery nothing a local habitation and a name. Such tricks hath strong imagination , that if it would but apprehend some joy, it comprehends some bringer of that joy; or in the night, imagining some fear, how easy is a bush suppos’d a bear!† Theseus (5.1.2-22) In the concluding act of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Theseus refers to the madness of love through his discussion of the relationship between lovers, poets, and madmen. Love’s virtue is defined through a common image of sight, which tries to make a distinction between what is rational and what is not in love. Theseus is stressing the point that love is of the imagination; it makes a person see things that are not really there. The passage is extremely visual, allowing the reader to understand Theseus’ point clearly. The lover, the poet, and the madman are paralleled through the common image of sight to suggest that truth is ultimately subjective, such that each person makes his own truth. The mentally ill hallucinate, lovers see ugly people as beautiful, and poets create an imaginary world to give life to ideas by "giving to aery nothing a local habitation and a name." After hearing of the events in the woods shared between the young lovers, Theseus feels that the events are â€Å"more strange than true,† as they are more bizarre than...

Finds religion in Bloomington(Bloomington,Indiana) Essay

Finds religion in Bloomington(Bloomington,Indiana) - Essay Example Subsequently, other religions emerged as witnessed today. However, one might wonder if there are evidences of religion in Bloomington, Indiana. There are many evidences that indicate that Bloomington is a religious centre. Faithful from different religions have established their centers in this place that is an indication of religious freedom. In the school I learn, IUB, there are religious courses offered which is an indication that people are religious. In this paper, I will analyze the evidences of religion in Bloomington, Indiana using pictures, descriptions, statistics, and interviews quotations. Just as mentioned earlier, religion plays a fundamental role in the lives of the human beings making it part of them. Americans are religious people with statistics showing that 48.78 % of the populations are religious. With the high number of the religious population, around 20% are Catholic faithful or belongs to that denomination and around 10% attend Baptist churches or denomination (Sperlings 1). The religious nature of Americans is spread across the states and other countries. For instance, 48% of Bloomington, Indiana residents are religious. Catholics comprise about 9%; Baptist comprises of 8%, Methodist 6%, Islam 3.8%, and the statistics continue with other churches and religions (City-data.com 1). Therefore, there is enough evidence from this statistics to believe that religion is present in Bloomington, Indiana. Similarly, there is evidence that residents of Bloomington do not attend to one religion; there are many, and individuals have options of choosing from the available ones. However, there is a surprising turn from what is written in the literatures and what is on the ground. Bloomington has been a religious place from the past centuries and decades since this is where some clergy and activist like Martin Luther King Junior lived and arrested. Their stories show the great

The General Images and Perceptions of Liverpool from an outsider Essay

The General Images and Perceptions of Liverpool from an outsider (tourist or international student) - Essay Example This paper discusses the many areas of development which Liverpool undertook to grow its economy. The various features of its development have also been elucidated. These, plus those made within her tourism industry has greatly contributed to Liverpools economy and what we see as modern Liverpool of today. As shown in the UK map above, Liverpool, a coastal city lying alongside the north shore of river Mersey, is an important city and seaport of England. The centre of the city forms the nucleus of Merseyside County, and constitutes a part only of the greater Lancashire. The proper city of Liverpool, therefore, makes up for a borough of the metropolitan county of Merseyside forming an irregular crescent along the estuary of river Mersey, only a few miles away from the Irish Sea. The population of Liverpool is 439,476 and its met. area population is 1,362,034. Liverpool city is a large manufacturing and commercial place in England and is the major city of the metropolitan area of Merseyside. Liverpools City Centre district is one the biggest shopping centres in the United Kingdom. Since it lies on the banks of river Mersey it has many buildings that form UKs important landmarks. These conspicuous buildings include the Royal twin-tower Liver Building with each of the tower crested by the "liver bird" sculpture. It was after this mythical bird that the city is known to have been named. The other notable buildings within the premises of commercial area include: Liverpools inner city area is located at the outskirts of commercial center. The centre of inner city, which in the past was considered a suburban area, abounds with many old buildings and houses. Nevertheless, one part of the inner city area also has the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral; the Liverpool University, and the Anglican Church, while the suburban area now lies outside the inner city. There is a Walker Art Gallery within the Liverpool city, which has one of UKs remarkable collections of

Investment Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Investment Report - Essay Example Apple has a very minimal control over its external relations with other countries due to America’s indulgence in war on terrorism (Strategic planning13, 2014). A majority of Apple’s products are manufactured outside of the US. The list of countries includes names such as, China, Ireland and Korea. Political disagreements with these countries may impact the company’s operations severely (Slideee, 2014; Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011). The economic downturn may have a severe impact on the company’s sales and improvements that could be made within the operations. Apple’s products are perceived as luxury segment products by some, which is why individuals have started heavily spending on them. Moreover, due to higher rate of inflation, income is low and unemployment rate is high. As a result, Apple could risk a severe reduction in the level of sales. Due to such volatile economic situations, the value of US dollar keeps fluctuating. Even so, to shield the company from such exposure, considerable amount of foreign currencies is purchased (Strategic planning13, 2014; Slideee, 2014). Possession of Apple products is considered as a demonstrator of status symbol in many societies. This factor has amplified the level of sales for many Apple Inc products. Given the fact that the purchasing power of common people have increased in various markets across the world, purchase of luxury products has amplified as well. As the world cannot be envisaged without gadgets, the products manufactured by Apple have gained worldwide appreciation (Strategic planning13, 2014; Slideee, 2014; Frynas and Mellahi, 2011). The technological environment that surrounds Apple Inc has evolved considerably over past few years. Most importantly, computers and phones have become a popular commodity. Apple Inc is placed at the topmost position in the market for manufacturing innovative products and most relevant aspect of the products offered is that