The Child by Tiger †Dick’s Character :: The Child by Tiger

The Child by Tiger Dicks Character   In The Child by Tiger, Wolfe does a superb job of making the allegory reveal a truth about human experience. Dicks killing violent disorder in the short story represented how the human sole has a tendency to become violent. Characterization and excellent choice of tone and mood used in the story display how the Dick becomes violent. Wolfe carefully develops Dicks character in the short story. At the beginning of the short story, Wolfe describes Dicks actions precisely. Wolfe illustrates anything from Dicks movements to his talk. Furthermore, Dick is depicted as an honest leaden working and notably talented individual. Wolfe does all of this for a simple reason, to show that any human sole can turn evil, no matter how intelligent, honest, or hard working. For this reason, Wolfes characterization of Dick is essential to the short story. Without a good characterization of Dick before his sole turns violent, the story would have no marro w and would just be about a mad man. However, with Wolfes exquisite characterization, the reader find outs how an innocent god fearing man can turn violent. Overall, Wolfes characterization is report to the short stories meaning. Outstanding tone and mood choice also help show the truth about the weak human sole. First, the Wolfes informal tone of the story is significant. I believe Wolfes tone help set up the readers for the shock of what Dick does. However, the tone the author sets is important because of the shock we get, we also see how soft the human sole is and how it can easily change. In this case, the authors informal and almost ironic tone surprise the reader but also help show the significance of Dicks experience. Second, the authors mood for the story is quiet deceiving. Since the plot of the story is to show how any human sole can turn evil, the author sets an ironic mood. though the mood is informal, the irony of the situation is of a good mad turning evil. Wolfe set s up this mood by his description and analysis of Dicks character and actions at the beginning of the story. The mood is ironic because when the violent side of Dick comes out, our mood towards the story changes because we are shocked at what has happened to innocent Dick.

Analysis of poetic techniques in The Company of Lovers Essay -- Judith

Judith Wright, who was born during the First World War, lived through, and was greatly influenced by, many wars that Australia had involved herself in. During an interview in 1985, Judith Wright recounts how her puerility was overshadowed by images of war, and therefore many of her earliest memories were connected with war and its effects. The constant presence of danger forced Wright to confront her awareness that all life ends in death, which has haunted her metrical composition throughout her years. The fear of death and loss has been expressed in The Company of Lovers, which was published in 1946, after Wright saw the influence of the morsel World War on Australia. Judith Wrights success in translating human existence into poetry has resulted in a rich creation of exuberant expression and sincerity. Her poetry has the ability to connect reason and emotion through various poetic techniques in such a way that knowledge and experience are correspond in a powerful yet dense fashi on.One would find a great challenge in expressing deep experiences in a poem consisting of simply two octaves. However, through the employment of poetic techniques Judith Wright has captured her knowledge of life and death, and the effects of war, and successfully translated them into her poem ?The Company of Lovers?. This poem reflects an entire generation, worldwide, who went to war, and their lovers and family who were left behind, indicated in the opening line, ?We meet and part now over all the world?. Wright has employed a paradox, ?We meet and part? to encourage an awareness of coinciding substance and departure. This paradox serves two functions, to suggest that a brief moment between lovers may soon be disrupted, and to communicate said idea in a condensed... ...remark competent capacity to go beyond and above what can be grasped by the senses. ?The Company of Lovers?, which literally associates love and death, contains a raw essence that supports attributes of reality wh ich explores the tie-up between inner existence and actual reality, which is effectively and concisely represented through these use of poetic devices, such as paradox? and personification. Wright?s invade with love and death, a feminist and metaphysical issue, had been constantly in her thoughts. However, later in her life, once she had met her lover and had their daughter, she was able to accept death as non an enemy but as phase in the cyclical nature of life. Through the use and develop of poetic techniques, such as structure, language, imagery and movement, Wright has been able to address her concerns with love and death in a vivid but compacted manner.

Analysis of The Beauty Myth by Naomi Wolf Essay -- The Beauty Myth Fem

Analysis of The dish Myth by Naomi Wolf The Beauty Myth, published by Doubleday in New York City, hit the shelves in 1992. Naomi Wolf wrote this 348-page book. Wolf attended Yale University and New College, Oxford University, where she was a Rhodes Scholar. Her essays arrive at been printed in many well-known magazines and newspapers, including Esquire and the New York Times. The Beauty Myth was Wolfs first book. She has also written two other books, Fire With Fire and Promiscuities. Wolf is a recognized feminist. She has done a lot of writing and has spoken to many audiences about issues involving feminism. In The Beauty Myth, Wolfs basic thesis states that there is a connection betwixt female liberation and female beauty. She writesThe more legal and material hindrances women have broken through,the more strictly and heavily and cruelly images of female beauty have come to weigh upon us.During the past decade, women breached the power structure meanwhile, eat ing disorders rose exponentially and cosmetic surgery became the fastest-growing medical specialty.Recent interrogation consistently shows that inside the majority of theattractive, successful working women, there is a dark vein of self-hatred, physicalobsessions, terror of aging, and dread of lost control. (Wolf 10) Wolfs research shows that there is an attack against feminism that uses images of female beauty to keep women in their place. Women tod...

Social Security Essays -- essays research papers

Title of wallpaper mixer SecuritySocial security, created in 1935, is the most costly dot in the federal budget. The program provides old age, survivors and disability insurance to a hygienic portion of Americans. Workers and their employers fund the system by each paying paysheet taxes. The Internal Revenue Service collects the taxes and deposits the money in g overnment-administrated accounts known as the of age(predicate) Age and Survivors and Disability Insurance Trust Funds(OASDI). The payroll tax revenues argon used to pay benefits to those people currently collecting Social Security pensions. Social Security taxes also pay for Medicare, the national health program for the elderly.The ample problem with the current situation facing Social Security is the increasing synthetic thinking of doers in the work force paying for workers retired. Due to the large subr unwrapine of aging baby boomers, American 65 and older are the fastest-growing segment of the creation. The population growth of Americans age 65 and older is 112% in the years in the midst of 1995 and 2040. The population growth in age 20-64 is 24%. The population growth in ages under 20, is 5%.What these numbers essentially represent is a grammatical case problem with age dissentences in the future. Soon, less workers will be in the profession force trying to supply more retirees with Social Security. Currently, numerous bases possess been juggled around trying to find a sound and reasonable carriage to resolve this problem. Granted, the problem will not happen overnight, but rather over a long arduous duration of time. The question first arises, Can the vivacious system survive without major see the lights? The early designers of Social Security and many Democrats are baffled at the recent proposals to change Social Security. Most conceptualise that Social Security is still able to provide a rubber eraser net for retirees and their survivors if minor adjustments are made. Occasionally raising payroll taxes or recalculating the way benefits are paid out. Some Democrats look at major reform as a way of pitting war between generations. They stand on common beliefs that Social Security has worked for over 60 years by providing a steady stream of monthly payments that beneficiaries can rely on. Also, it has helped lift millions of seniors out of poverty. Democrats also criticize the Grand Old Party for playing... ...vatization of separateised nest egg would be advantageous to the nations economy, delivering bigger pensions to workers and helping the economy grow faster. Some believe the emphasis on personal savings would give the added feature of encouraging more individual responsibility at a time when the nation prepares for a surge in its elderly population. Privatization would differ from Social Security in two important ways. First, the amount a worker receives at retirement depends solely on how more than one contributes to savings and how wel l the investments perform. In simplified notation, those who set aside more and invest sagely enjoy more comfortable retirements. Secondly, pensions are paid out of an individuals accumulated savings instead of financed by taxes on active workers. For example, cayenne for a little less than two decades has replaced its system which was much like Social Security with a system incorporated around the idea of privately invested accounts. The results are astounding. The plan is relatively elementary because it focuses on workers placing 10 percent of their monthly income into a savings account. With this, government leaders boosted the national savings rate Social Security Essays -- essays research papers Title of Paper Social SecuritySocial security, created in 1935, is the most costly item in the federal budget. The program provides old age, survivors and disability insurance to a healthy portion of Americans. Workers and their employers fund the system by each pay ing payroll taxes. The Internal Revenue Service collects the taxes and deposits the money in government-administrated accounts known as the Old Age and Survivors and Disability Insurance Trust Funds(OASDI). The payroll tax revenues are used to pay benefits to those people currently collecting Social Security pensions. Social Security taxes also pay for Medicare, the national health program for the elderly.The huge problem with the current situation facing Social Security is the increasing deduction of workers in the work force paying for workers retired. Due to the large number of aging baby boomers, American 65 and older are the fastest-growing segment of the population. The population growth of Americans age 65 and older is 112% in the years between 1995 and 2040. The population growth in age 20-64 is 24%. The population growth in ages under 20, is 5%.What these numbers essentially represent is a cause problem with age differences in the future. Soon, less workers will be in the j ob force trying to supply more retirees with Social Security. Currently, many ideas have been juggled around trying to find a sound and reasonable way to resolve this problem. Granted, the problem will not happen overnight, but rather over a long arduous duration of time. The question first arises, Can the existing system survive without major reforms? The early designers of Social Security and many Democrats are baffled at the recent proposals to change Social Security. Most believe that Social Security is still able to provide a safety net for retirees and their survivors if minor adjustments are made. Occasionally raising payroll taxes or recalculating the way benefits are paid out. Some Democrats look at major reform as a way of pitting war between generations. They stand on common beliefs that Social Security has worked for over 60 years by providing a steady stream of monthly payments that beneficiaries can rely on. Also, it has helped lift millions of seniors out of poverty. Democrats also criticize the Grand Old Party for playing... ...vatization of personal savings would be advantageous to the nations economy, delivering bigger pensions to workers and helping the economy grow faster. Some believe the emphasis on personal savings would give the added feature of encouraging more individual responsibility at a time when the nation prepares for a surge in its elderly population. Privatization would differ from Social Security in two important ways. First, the amount a worker receives at retirement depends solely on how much one contributes to savings and how well the investments perform. In simplified notation, those who set aside more and invest wisely enjoy more comfortable retirements. Secondly, pensions are paid out of an individuals accumulated savings instead of financed by taxes on active workers. For example, Chile for a little less than two decades has replaced its system which was much like Social Security with a system incorporated around the idea of privately invested accounts. The results are astounding. The plan is relatively elementary because it focuses on workers placing 10 percent of their monthly income into a savings account. With this, government leaders boosted the national savings rate

The Andromeda Strain Essay -- essays research papers

In the book, The Andromeda Strain there is a caper that faces mankind. This problem is a strange virus that comes to Earth from an unmanned air, which was in space. This satellite crashes into a small town in Arizona, which has a population of 38 people.When this satellite crashes into the Earth, it kills every one, except for an old man and a two-month old baby. There are two scientists who have the job of going to the crash site and gathering up the remains from the satellite. While the two of them are attempting to do their job, they are mysteriously killed. The last thing that people on the other end of their radio perceive was a loud scream, then static.The government, which was listening to what all was going on through the radio, thought that this was very strange. In the past, they had thought about there macrocosm a time when strange organisms from outer space would come to Earth, and try to take over. They decided that they would design a make that could be used to q uery the different things that they might come across in the future. This building would have to be very sterile so that the organisms couldnt contaminate anything and destroy the Earth. The building was five stories high and each level was more sterile than the previous one. The building was located in the middle of nowhere underground, so that no one would know about it, unless they were on one of the teams that would be doing the r...

The Andromeda Strain Essay -- essays research papers

In the book, The Andromeda Strain there is a problem that faces mankind. This problem is a hostile virus that comes to Earth from an unmanned satellite, which was in space. This satellite crashes into a small town in Arizona, which has a population of 38 people.When this satellite crashes into the Earth, it kills everyone, except for an former(a) man and a two-month old baby. There are two scientists who have the job of going to the crash site and gathering up the remains from the satellite. epoch the two of them are attempting to do their job, they are mysteriously killed. The last thing that people on the other end of their radio heard was a showy scream, then static.The government, which was listening to what all was going on through the radio, thought that this was very strange. In the past, they had thought about there being a duration when strange organisms from outer space would come to Earth, and try to take over. They decided that they would design a building that cou ld be used to research the different things that they world power come across in the future. This building would have to be very sterile so that the organisms couldnt contaminate anything and destroy the Earth. The building was five stories extravagantly and each level was more sterile than the previous one. The building was located in the middle of nowhere underground, so that no one would know about it, unless they were on one of the teams that would be doing the r...

Why I Like Beethoven

Why I Like Beethoven Why I Like Beethoven I like Beethoven so much because he is a very great pianist and I love his music. He wrote songs for the piano, viola and violin. I really like his songs because they are be with great beauty and I really like giping them. For example, Fur Elise is a beautiful song with a soft flowing sequence besides with a fast strong section as well. I also like him because he is very persistent.Even though he went deaf at only the age of 22 yet he still went on to write more music. It would be such a hard experience to go through and still play and write music even though he couldnt hear anything. People had to communicate with him by writing earn to him as he could not lip read and no one could do sign language so that was how he could talk to mass. It would have been so hard to manage. Another thing I really liked about him was that he didnt let anyone control his music.In that time musicians would ask people what music they would like them to play and write music to them. Beethoven didnt do this he just wrote music to his own free will no matter of what anyone else thought. Altogether Beethoven was a brilliant musician. His music is written beautifully, even though he went deaf he remained competent to still write and play music and he was true to his music and didnt let anyone control what he wrote. He was one of the best musicians that ever lived.

Of Water and the Spirit by Malidoma Patrice Somé Essay

With Of Water and Spirit Malidoma Patrice Some has written a very interesting, engaging autobiography in which he details his life story as a man living between two different lifestyles the traditional life of his raft, the Dagara, who live in rural Burkina Faso, the former French colony known as the Upper Volta, and the life of a highly educated African man with two PhDs who travels throughout the western nations writing, lecturing, and teaching about his good deal and their relationship between the normal ground and the spirit world.According to Some his first name Malidoma means be friends with the strange/enemy. The Dagara believe a someones name has an affect on the his life so they name their children something that will always remind them of their mission in life. Some, then, is here in the atomic number 74 to tell the world about my mess any way I can, and to take back to my people the knowledge I gain about this world (Some 1994, 1). Some was named Patrice when he was baptized by Jesuit priests at the insistence of his father who had converted to Catholicism.The attitude of Some and the Dagara people is very interesting. Instead of olfactory modality hatred against the livid men who had colonized the country and basically enslaved the people while stealing their land and resources, the Dagara are concerned about all people, including the white people and are convinced that the West is as endangered as the indigenous cultures it has decimated in the name of colonialism (Some 1994, 1). They believe that western cultures abandonment of functional ghostly values has made the West sick with a sickness of the psyche (Some 1994, 1).Some was basically kidnapped from his kindred at the age of four when he was taken away to study at the Jesuit initiate. At the time the Jesuits were trying create a native missionary force to help in converting the people of Upper Volta. Prior to being kidnapped Some had spent much of his childhood with his grand father, a great leader of the Dagara. His grandfather taught him many of the stories of the Dagara people, their spiritual beliefs, and their history.Somes grandfather emphasized the close spiritual relationship of the Dagara with the world, the land, and the spirits of their deceased ancestors. The Dagara believe there is an important connection between an individual, his people, his land, and his god. Somes grandfather could not understand the Catholic Churchs attempts at missionary work throughout the world, . . . let me tell you that a God who would send his people away from their land must be drinking a very strong wine all the time (Some 1994, 29).At the time of his death, Somes grandfather told Some that the ancestors had designated Some to follow the white man so that you may serve as the eye of the compound, the ear of your many brothers, and the mouth of your tribe (Some 1994, 40). Somes grandfather also told him that he came back to the tribe he would appear strange to th e Dagara, he would only be part Dagara and would sop up to undergo the month farseeing initiation in the wilderness to become a member of the tribe. Somes time at the Jesuit school was unpleasant.The priests often beat him while they were teaching him as if the beatings would reinforce the lessons and make him confirm to the Jesuit teachings. When he graduated to the seminary school at Nansi he had identical experiences and often found that he lived outside of himself. He would make his thoughts go away from my body so that when the first blow fell, I he was not steady aware of it (Some 1994, 114). Some resented the way he was treated and found himself rebelling against the method of instruction.This rebellion reached its climax when Some was twenty and became involved in a somatic altercation with one of the priests. During the struggle the priest fell through the window and landed in the dirt outside. Consequently, Some ran away from the school to return to his abode. His j ourneying home took him eleven days since he was labored to walk the entire way. Ironically, on his journey, Some learned that the country had gained its independence from France in 1960 and such forced schooling had come to an end.Since Some was about four-years-old both when independence occurred and when he was taken away from his people to attend school, he could have returned to his people long before (Some 1994, 153 99-156). By the time he returned to his village, the Jesuit missionary priests on the hill were gone, although a day school still existed. Once Some was in his home compound, he found he no longer fit it with his people. He had forgotten how to speak the language the village had changed with independence. His people were not booming with him there, nor was he comfort satisfactory with them.Consequently the elders decided he should undergo the Baor, the month long initiation, to quiet the white man in your soul . . . so that his soul would come back home and . . . stop being a stranger to yourself and to us (Some 1994, 178). Some describes his spiritual initiation in detail and tells how he was able to return to the Dagara. Once he had returned fully to the Dagara, Some found that he was again not comfortable living with his people because he had not even completed his mission that his grandfather had told him about and that his ancestors had assigned him.Once again it became necessary to leave his people so the he might be friends with the stranger/enemy. This is what Some continues to do today through his writings and lecturing. However, he is careful to return to his home every year to make certain he reconnects with his home and people.BibliographySome, Malidoma Patrice. Of Water and the Spirit Ritual, Magic, and Initiation in the Life of an African Shaman. New York G. P. Putnams Sons, A Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam Book, 1994.

Characteristics of Orsino in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Knight

Characteristics of Orsino in Shakespeares Twelfth Knight Love is desirable, e actually cardinal is in expect of it, but some take it too far. Some permit it control you, and reveal characteristics that ought not to be revealed. Orsino, in the twelfth knight for example lets love control him revealing aspects of his personality that reveal is obsession with love. Some Notable Characteristics of the Duke of Illyria are his moodiness, selfishness and how he is a fool for love.Orsino is a military man who is in search of love, and magic spell eagerly searching his moodiness and foolishness is revealed. Struggling to find love, Orsinos temperamental moodiness is revealed. His moodiness is revealed early in the play when Orsino interrupts his own musicians while they are playing to satisfy his needs. Orsino has musicians playing around him in hopes that it will distract his thoughts from how bad he wants to find love. Orsino says, Enough no more Tis not so sweet now as it was before. ( Act I, Scene I) This reveals Orsinos moodiness because the musicians were only trying to cheer him up, and Orsino deliberately and rudely interrupts them because the music was doing no good in hopes of cheering up his lonely snapper. Also, later in the play Feste even points out Orsinos moodiness. Feste compares Orsinos erratic moods to a gemstone when he says the Dukes mind is very opal. (Scene II, act IV) An opal is a gemstone that shimmers and shifts in colors.Although, this is not meant to be a compliment by Feste, Feste is rather implying that Orsino is temperamental and unstable, like an opal constantly shifting in colors. Although, for Orsino, unlike an opal constantly shifting in colors, what shifts constantly is his moods. Orsino is a man who is more fixated with the fantasy of love than the reality of love, which portrays his selfishness in just wanting to do his own desires. Orsino seems to be a man who is in love with the idea of being in love.The play begins with Ors ino saying, If music be the food of love, play on Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die. That strain again it had a dying fall O, it came oer my ear like the sweet sound, That breathes upon a bank of violets, Stealing and giving odour (Act I, Scene I) Orsino is very fixated with love, willing to do whatever it takes to satisfy his own needs. He is so willing he even attempts to find love in a woman in which he hold outs doesnt feel the same about him.Orsino fights to have Olivia love him back, in fact the more Olivia rejects him the more it seems Orsino tries t pursue her. Orsino doesnt care that she has no love for him back, he just wants to find love, and thats the selfishness within him. Orsino is a man in search of love, so determined to find it he makes a fool of himself. Based upon the opening scene we know Orsino is a rabid man who is out in search of the love of Olivia. Orsino says he is in love for the countess, but Orsino doesnt tru ly know her, he just knows of her.When Orsino describes one of his fantasies, you can determine from it that it has nothing to do with the countess. The first time Orsino saw Olivia he describes, That instant was I turnd into a hart And my desires, like fell and evil hounds, Eer since pursue me. (Act I, Scene I) Orsino says he was turned into a hart (a male deer and also a play on the word heart) and that he was chased or hunted by his own desires, which were like hounds. So, Orsino doesnt imagine his hobby of Olivia so much as he fixates on his pursuit of himself in a fantasy that is all about him.He is a fool for love, fixated so much around it that he tries to make himself believe he is in love with someone he truly doesnt even know. Orsinos moodiness, selfishness, and foolishness all revolve around what means the most to Orsino, love. His moodiness flares up when dealing with the problems he faces when trying to find love. Orsinos selfishness is revealed in the way he pursues a countess that doesnt love him back, yet doesnt even know him. Foremost, his foolishness is revealed by the way he tries to find love in general.Revolving so much around trying to find love, that he goes to extreme measures that makes him number foolish. In fact, anyone trying to find love as hard as Orsino should be looked at as foolish too. You cannot force out love upon anyone, and you should never force it upon yourself, or you will be compelled as selfish in the fact that you want love so bad you do extraordinarily selfish things to do so. Like trying to love a woman who doesnt love you back. Love is something that cannot be forced, that Orsino apparently doesnt know, causing him to be moody, look selfish, and be a fool for love.

POS system

Helene Hernandez (College Instructor) (College College Instructor) Instructor) General Problem Mister Borons Fast Food is having difficulty in manually dealing with the customers in call of ordering, payments, generating reports and maintaining their inventory. Specific Problems 1 . Is the cashier easily and accurately computes the bills especially when dealing with huge number of customers? 2. And how long did employees check their stocks? 3. Does Mister Borons Fast Food provides official pass to customers? 4.Are their sales report accurate? . How do the customers wait for their orders? General Objective To provide a administration that leave automate the process in dealing with the customers in terms of ordering, payments, generating reports and maintaining their inventory. Specific Objectives 1 . To provide a system that will make the computation of bills faster and more accurate. 2. To provide a system that will allow the customers to have a receipt in every transaction. 3. To provide a system that will maintain the inventory easier and faster. . To provide a database that will store records for generating reports. 5. To provide a queuing management that will help customers. Features 1 . The system will notify if the stocks are insufficient. 2. Easy to use port for the cashier. 3. The system can be easily updated when there are changes in the price of the meals. 4. The system will provide accurate weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly reports of sales. 5. considerably update the menu. 6. It shows the time started and time ended of the cashier. 7.Admit, manager, cashier and owner will have their own accounts and privileges 8. A separate monitor will show the queuing of costumers 9. It will provide a receipt with the name of the cashier, time and date of transaction, queue number and Official Receipt (O. R. ) number. 10. The cashier will have a give screen monitor to easily input orders. 11. Receipts will be given right after the transaction using a PO S printer 12. A monitor inside the kitchen will show the queue numbers with the orders of the customers to know which order they will prioritize.

Cybercrime in Indonesia Essay

Even if Indonesia has not ratified or signed the Convention on Cybercrime yet, officially Indonesia has implement almost all cyber crime provisions set forth in the Convention. These provisions are set out in several(prenominal) maneuvericles in fair play No. 11 Year 2008 on Information and Electronic Transaction. The seven provisions, among differents offense related to child pornography, illegal accession, illegal maskception, entropy interference, system interference, step of devices, and computer related forgery. The provisions of computer-related fraud and attempt and aiding or abetting are no longer regulated under this Act due consideration has been accommodated by the existing provisions in the Penal Code. Likewise, some offenses related to infringements of copyright and related rights are deemed to have been sufficiently set forth in the honor on Intellectual Property Rights.In addition to the above provisions, the police force No.11/2008 is the merely cybercrime s tatute in Indonesia, which also includes provisions on e-commerce and e-signature referring to the UNCITRAL Model Law and the EU Directives on such subjects. This is by virtue of the awareness of regulator to the highest degree inevitable legal convergence of telecommunications, media, and informatics. By means of the principle of neutrality and efficiency, this product of law will be able to encompass the three specialties.Moreover, hacking, according to BATAN is defined as infiltrating or breaching activities into an electronic system without rights, which usually draw a bead on to misuse or damage the system. Identical definition of hacking is also proposed by David S. Wall which is deliberate unauthorized access to spaces over which rights of ownership or access have already been established. Therefore, hacking can be incorporated into illegal access provisions. In the Article 30, in that respect are three paragraphs that organize illegal access, inter alia 1. Setiap orangu tang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum mengakses Komputer dan/atau Sistem Elektronik milik Orang lain dengan cara apa pun. It means any person advisedly and without right or unlawful access to computers and/or electronic system belongs to any other person in any way.2. Setiap Orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum mengakses Komputer dan/atau Sistem Elektronik dengan cara apa pun dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik. It means any person intentionally and without right or unlawful access to computers and/or electronic system in any way aim at obtaining electronic knowledge and/or document. 3. Setiap Orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum mengakses Komputer dan/atau Sistem Elektronik dengan cara apa pun dengan melanggar, menerobos, melampaui, atau menjebol sistem pengamanan. It means any person intentionally and without right or unlawful access to computers and/or electronic system in any way by in filtrating, trespassing, surpassing, and breaking through a credentials system.The first offenses are to be punished with imprisonment up to 6 years either with or without an administrative fine of up to IDR 600 million. Meanwhile the he inventionbeat offenses are to be sentenced by imprisonment up to 7 years either with or without an administrative fine of utmost IDR 700 million. The latter is to be approve by imprisonment up to 8 years either with or without an administrative fine of up to IDR 800 million. During the past four years since enactment, a myriad of hacking incidents have taken place in Indonesia. However, only two cases were successfully expressed and processed in court. The first case is a case of hacking (defacing) the alternative Committee website in 2004 by Dani Firman. While the second case is a similar case against the website of one Indonesias largest party, Golkar, by Iqra Syafaat. In fact, according to data from the Association of Indonesian Internet Serv ice Provider (APJII), in 2003, it has recorded 2267 cases of network incidents and in 2004 there were 1103 such cases. It can be concluded that the cases which fails to mental testing far less.Furthermore, another concern is phishing, defined as the pursuit of personal financial information that is subsequently used to defraud the victim and relies upon the recipients inability to distinguish a bogus email from a real one. Hence, it should be categorized into computer related forgery provision. Article 35 states Setiap Orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum melakukan manipulasi, penciptaan, perubahan, penghilangan, pengrusakan Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik dengan tujuan agar Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik tersebut dianggap seolah-olah data yang otentik. It implies any person intentionally and without right or unlawful manipulate, create, delete, alter, or suppress any electronic document and/or information with the intent that it be considered as if it were authentic. Accordingly, this breach is to be sentenced up to 12 years in prison and a maximum fine of IDR twelve million. Unfortunately, there is no case hitherto which is brought to court proceeding.Finally, rare incidents of cybercrime exposed and processed in court trial as the aforementioned are caused by several factors, inter-alia the lack of awareness among users, the absence of single identity number, the reluctance of victims to report, the limitedness of infrastructure or equipment and devices in the field of IT, and also the lack of law enforcement officers who have expertise in the field of IT. 1 . Indonesia Law Number 11/2008 virtually Information and Electronic Transaction, entry into force on April 21,2008 2 . See (n 1) art 27 and art 9 in Convention on Cybercrime, Council of Europe, entry into force on July 1, 2004 3 . See (n 1) art 30 and art 2 in Convention on Cybercrime, Council of Europe, entry into force on July 1, 2004 4 . See ( n 1) art 31 and art 3 in Convention on Cybercrime, Council of Europe, entry into force on July 1, 2004 5 . See (n 1) art 32 and art 4 in Convention on Cybercrime, Council of Europe, entry into force on July 1, 2004 6 . See (n 1) art 33 and art 5 in Convention on Cybercrime, Council of Europe, entry into force on July 1, 2004 7 . See (n 1) art 34 and art 6 in Convention on Cybercrime, Council of Europe, entry into force on July 1, 2004 8 . See (n 1) art 35 and art 7 in Convention on Cybercrime, Council of Europe, entry into force on July 1, 2004 9 . art 8 in Convention on Cybercrime, Council of Europe, entry into force on July 1, 2004 10 . (n 9) art 11 11 . (n 9) art 10 12 . Indonesia has several Laws on IPR such as Law No.12/1997 about Copyright, Law No.29/2000 about Vegetal Variety Protection, Law No.30/2000 about Trade Secrecy, Law No.31/2000 about Industrial Design, Law No.32/2000 about Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits, Law No.14/2001 about Patent, and Law No.15/2001 a bout Trademark 13 . See UNCITRAL Mode Law on E-commerce onhttp//www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/electcom/05-89450_Ebook.pdf and UNCITRAL Mode Law on E-signature http//www.uncitral.org/uncitral/uncitral_texts/electronic_commerce/2001Model_signatures.html accessed September 28, 2012 14 . (n 1) Explanation 15 . BATAN is an Indonesian government institution which constitutes one of consulting agents of ICT, http//www.batan.go.id/sjk/uuite.html accessed September 29, 2012 16 . Wall, David S, Cybercrime The Transformation of Crime in the Information Age, (Polity Press 2008) 53 17 . (n 1)

Walmart Foreign Expansion Case Study

Wal-Marts Foreign Expansion Wal-Mart is the worlds largest retailer with tons of advantage above all the rest. It is rattling possible that this big time retailer can translate its merchandising strategy wholesale to another country and be highly sure-fire at it (L. Hill, 2011, p. 167). The key to this method is being able to understand the culture and environment that it would need to transition it methods to. Take for instance what was read in the case well-nigh China. China originally turned its nose up at the Americanized way that Wal-Mart presented itself when first opened in 2006.The Chinese culture didnt agree with gist being sold in Styrofoam or selling of dead fish. Its their cultural preference to purchase food very freshly. So, Wal-Mart adapted to the surrounding culture. Wal-Mart was successful in Mexico because they hired local managers that were well versed in the Mexican culture and allowing them to control the merchandising strategy as they see fit. Adaption is the key to survival is different environments and economies. With Mexico being a place of few vehicles for transportation, building smaller, closer stores was another wide benefit of it being successful in Mexican culture.When the huge retailer made steps to expand to South Korea and Germany with very little success, there was a realization made in regards to diversity and what Wal-Mart offered. Britain, Germany, and South Korea cultures have a preference of high end and higher-quality merchandise than what was offered by Wal-Mart. The low worth strategy is practically unwarranted in a place to where gainful more is accepted. The key difference between these countries and Mexico is that Mexico accepts the low price strategy.Wal-Mart is succeeding in China and to continue to do so they need maintain adapting to the Chinese culture way. They are definitely on track with being successful in China. Wal-Mart is considered to be a force within the marketplace (Orgel, 2011). With the busin ess move to adapt and expand throughout different nations, its very possible that in the future Wal-Mart will cause changes within the culture of different nations. It shouldnt be the companys goal to ultimately change the culture of the nation it expands to.However, it should focus on broadening the horizon and combine the low price strategy with the nations culture to be an innovation on the marketplace. References L. Hill, C. W. (2011). Wal-Marts Foreign Expansion. In International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace. (9th ed. ). (pp. 167-168). New York, NY/the States McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Orgel, D. (2011, September 05). Whats driving wal-marts global expansion?. Viewpoints. Retrieved from http//supermarketnews. com/blog/whats-driving-wal-marts-global-expansion

Great Gatsby Narrative Voice Essay

The narrators influence plays a fundamental role in a novel that every subscriber takes into account when getting involved in the story . In Francis S. Fitzgeralds literary work The Great Gasby the function of Carraways narrative voice brought up several controversies among readers and critics for it deals with 3 different attitudes from the part of the narrator through whom Fitzgerald is able to achieve the aesthetic surpass . (76 Donaldson) The purpose of the essay is to try to pin bundle those attitudes in view of Carraways eliability , awareness and detachment in the novel.In The Great Gatsby Carraway presents the main character as an unique individual who has an extraordinary confront for hope , a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which is non likely i shall ever find again (2). His fascination and aknowledgement of Gatsbys idealism promps the reader to reflect on the promise and the hope the future holds for such an individual and for the tragism of his existence.Carraway becomes reliable as a visionary for he is able to rise above the particular events epicted in the story , revealing a ecumenical and tragic meaning in Gastbys fate that of America itself for the hero personifies th seeker of his personal Grail in the same way Americans betroth their ideals in their quest for national identity. But as the story unfolds the attitude of the narrator becomes more and more ambivalent I was within and without simultaneausly enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life . Carraway sees both the sordidness and superficiality of the New York rich class and its thrill and excitement.In this respect he becomes a intermediary between the wealthy , rootless society within which the Buchanans assert themselves and the dry land of Gastbys romantic predilection and illusion that transcends the novel . Fitzgerald manages to create 2 inborn polarities that go to make up the human mind (103 , Mizener). Fro m an allegorical point of view Nick symbolizes reason , experience , waking, reality and history while Gastby is imagination , innocence, sleeping , dream and eternity. (103)The formers consciousness includes the latters developpment in the novel for not only oes he mediate between the world of Gastby and the Buchanans but also between the text and Fitzgeralds use of him as a narrator. (98, Mizener) Altough Nick Carraway seems to understand the heros fate because he was taught by his father not to judge the people around him as not all of them partook of the advantages he had the reader perceives a sense of unrealibility and detachment from his part. Nicks perspective on Gatsby changes all along while he gets more involved in his life and that of the other characters.Nick listens to confessions since he is a slim afraid of missing something (1) but he judges and condemns practically everything and everyone he meets in the course of the novel. (132,Donaldson) such as Tom Buchanans looks and behaviour , Jordans shallowness , Daisy and Gastbys inconsistencies of character , adding an ironic tone to his observations . Another situation relevant to Nick being unreliable is given by the fact that he doesnt try to pay justice to Gatsby , telling Tom the truth about Myrtles accident.He keeps himself at a certain distance creating the impression that sometimes he knows more than what is really happening and other times exhibiting less than what is actually required. Concerning this aspect the ending becomes even more ill-judged when Carraway decides to retreat home while making a nostalgic connection between his childhood and the West.His departure parallels Gastbys desire to buy back the previous(prenominal) as well as reaffirm the last words of the novel that American destiny to beat on boats against the current borne back easeleslly into the past. (182 ) (106, Lehan) Taking into circumstance the challenging aspects of the narrators voice the reader is stimulat ed to determine Nicks role in the novel and notice the complexity of Fitzgeralds character while maintaining a certain degree of partiality . In coming to this conclusion I incline to say that however credible Gatsbys story may be , the reader is free to grasp a larger significance that is implied in the novel which accounts for the growth and decline of the 20th vitamin C American nation.

Criminology and Francis T. Cullen Essay

In this typography I provide be discussing the monishminate shoal and the haughty condition and their relations to these current pabulum 462.37., 462.39.-462.41 and 810 of the Canadian Criminal Code. after(prenominal) briefly summarizing these purveys, I will explain which impartiality best represents the principles of the classical or haughty teach. Section 462.37 relates to classical inculcate beca wont it is a violation of the affable contr fiddle. It also displays the use of reasonable appendage, proportional penalisation and deterrence. It focuses on the deterrence of crime in comparison to the positive school where their primary goal is to identify features that influence crime and crime prevention. Section 810. accurately represents the positive school because it focuses on how the state can prevent the whitlow from doing the crime. Section 462.37 outlines the Forfeiture of Proceeds of Crime where if sensation person is convicted of using the go on of crime to purchase goods or property, the state has the authority to confiscate it.(Criminal Code, 1985). This law favors the principles of the classical school in terms of deterrence, fair procedure and a violation of the hearty contract.The social contract is an obligation where the sovereign has the commerce to comfort individuals living under their rule in offspring for the people to give up their individualistic powers and live accordingly. Using the proceeds of crime to purchase sought after goods and property is a violation of the social contract, because the profits were accumulated through illegal criminal activity. referable to this saddleted law-breaking, a proportional penalisation must be applied on the delinquent. The purpose of having penalisations is to deter the offender from repeating the same crime specific deterrence. In sight to have a tenacious effect on the offender, punishments should be chosen so it inflicts fear on them and is equivalent to the consti pation done. (Beccaria. 1983). intimidation is ground on a person who seeks pleasure and avoids pain, hedonistic decisions are made using the sagacious calculator. (Bentham, 1789). However, deterrence isnt justified through the severity of thepunishment, but through its certainty and proportionality. In arm 462.37 of the criminal code the punishment is proportional to the harm done because the state is hardly disposing the goods and property that he/she purchased using the proceeds of crime. (Criminal Code, 1985). Everything else will remain intact, unless proven otherwise. In any case, the punishments in classical school should be mild enough to exceed the pleasure expected from a crime. Anything beyond proportional punishment is considered as sinister and completely useless. (Beccaria, 1983).Crimes are more effectively prevented by the certainty. (Beccaria, 1983) What Beccaria means is that rather than having only a handful of offenders caught and severely punished, society sh ould catch more offenders and effectively punish them in order to protect society. In violation of this law, the convicted offender must be found guilty through a humane running game. If the offender if found guilty through the fair procedure of the court, then a punishment can be applied on the accused. In the accuseds defense a trial is held to balance the probabilities of this offender using the proceeds of crime. Once the judge has made the decision of guilty, then Her highness can dispose of the property and goods purchased through the proceeds of crime and otherwise in accordance to the law. Moreover, this atom of the criminal code has a more classical scholiast approach because it allows for deterrence of crime through fair procedure and proportional punishment all because of the violation of the social contract. This law doesnt apply the principles of the positive school because it does not act at the root causes of why the offender did the crime in the front near place.T his law serves the purpose to deter crime and punishing the offender proportionally, whereas the positive focus more on determining the causes and influential factors crime. (Gabor, 2010). The Sureties to Keep the stay, section 810, exemplifies that if an individual feels unsafe because of another person that efficiency harm them or anyone in close-relations to that person. The state has the right to convict this offender to a recognizance. The offender must reenforcement the peace for a given time or else the state can dispose of their desirable goods however, if peace has been kept, the offender is freed. (Criminal Code, 1985). This law follows the concepts of the positive school because the goal is to prevent crime in order to protect society from future hazards using a scientific approach. It also includes some aspects of Lombrosos theory of the innate(p)(p) criminal, using biological determinism.(Lombroso, 1911). The states obligation is to protect societys individual membe rs from harm. Their duty is to recognize harmful behavior and then take doings to prevent it using whatever is necessary.In this provision the government has taken the duty to protect this individual who fears an attack coming by securing the offenders desirable goods and revealing them to keep the peace or else they will dispose of the objects. The purpose of recognizance is to prevent future dangers the criminal might create. There is no need to wait for the actual crime to occur, but to take action to prevent it through the security and warning given to the offender to keep the peace. As seen in the law, the offence has not yet been committed therefore, the victim relies on other factors to prove on reasonable rationality that this offender will harm the individual. Lombrosos theory of the Born Criminal shows that the criminals are biologically divergent from non-criminals thus they can be identified using physical features. (Lombroso, 1911). For example, one would feel more palmy being followed by a clean, well-shaved, harmless looking man rather than an ape-like looking improvised, homeless man. nation unconsciously judge criminality establish on the physical features of others. Biological determinism is the idea that crime is not committed through rational choice, but through other factors that they have little or no self-control over such as biological traits and features.In the provision the state has the authority to project the offender to recognizance under reasonable grounds and a convincing pedigree by the victim. This argument may include judging a criminal based on Lombrosos theory of born criminal and biological determinism. Moreover, the government also has the duty to identify the risk and future dangers that this offender might display. Balancing the probabilities that the offender will actually attack the victim is taken into consideration when deciding the complete of the conditions and the time period the delinquent will go into recognizance. However, if the delinquent does not keep the peace in the given time, their punishment may range from a fine, to the disposal of secured goods. Knowing this, if a criminal has this unbeatable drive and passion for criminality, then something like a $5000 fine, will not stop them from doing so.In most restraining orders what endsup happening is the victim is attacked or harmed anyways, because today people have an uncontrollable desire to commit crime. Criminals that have a compulsive desires for crimes act indifferently to the consequences because of biological influences or desperate situations.The law excludes the punishment of breaking a recognizance, but one can see that a positivist would use trial, not to determine the innocence or guilt of the offender but to ask the question, will they do this over again? They would also want to know where the offender would attack, who and why? From a classical school perspective, only the guiltiness of the offender matters so they can apply proportional punishment. This provision doesnt exemplify the classical school because it shows that offenders do not have control over their criminal behavior, thus making it irrational. This law is based on the priority to prevent crime and determine its causes rather than to deter crime and inflict punishments on the offender using a scientific approach.Moreover, section 462.37 displays concepts of the classical school because it is considered a violation of the social contract the deal that society gives up their power in return for safety. This provision also shows that this act was done out of rational choice by weighing out the consequences and benefits before committing to an action. Fair procedure is used to defend the rights of the offender however, the main purpose is identify the guiltiness of the delinquent. Fair procedure in this law is shown when the state balances the probabilities of the proceeds of crime actually being used on his/her acquired pro perty and goods. After the offender has been proved or has pleaded guilty, a proportional punishment is applied on him/her.In this case, the proceeds earned through crime that the offender used to purchase goods and property will be confiscated, everything else will remain. Section 810. represents the positive school because it is an example of how the state would protect society. In this provision the crime has not happened yet, one is only worried and fears and attack. Biological determinism is used to identify who would pose a threat this is based on physical features. This law also focuses on the risk and future dangers the offender might display. Securing cute items of the delinquent is a method used by the state to prevent a future danger from occurring and lessening the risks. In conclusion the classical school is more about the deterrenceof crime whereas the positive school focuses on the prevention of crime.Works CitedBeccaria, C. (1983). An Essay on Crimes and Punishments . Francis T. Cullen, Robert AgnewPamela Wilcox (Eds.), Criminological Theory Past to put (pp. 27-29). New York Oxford UniversityPress.Bentham, J (1789). An Introduction to the Principle of Moral and Legislation. Joseph E. Jacoby(Ed.), Classics of Criminology (pp.105-109). Long Grove, Illinois Waveland Press.Gabor, T (2010). Basics of Criminology (1st Ed.). Ottawa McGraw knoll Ryerson.Lombroso, C (1911). Criminal Man. Francis T. Cullen, Robert Agnew & Pamela Wilcox (Eds.),Criminological Theory Past to Present (pp. 27-29). New York Oxford University Press.

Database Applications Used in Our Organization Essay

Our company has really advanced in terms of database management. Initially, they were employ Microsoft feeler database employment soft but recently they introduced Oracle database application. This change has been brought about by the economic increase in the country which has in turn seen our system of rules grow significantly. Microsoft Access database application is the commonest database application that is apply by majority of the firms especially the small one. One of the benefits of using this database is that it is relatively compatible with Structure inquiry language (SQL).Most organizations have made employ of the softw ar for one is that its in dearly-won to maintain and secondly its because most employees are family with its application. Our company has not been an exception we have over the years been using the software to store all our data in it and were able to retrieve the entropy without difficultness. The database application software is very useful in out organization as we have eliminated the use of subjects in our office. This has also increase the efficiency of activities within and outside the organization.This has ensured that tasks are accomplished quick within the organization and this ensures that organizational goals and objectives are achieved in the long run. Previous, the use of paper work in the organization would lead to some processed being delayed and this in turn to delay to terminus of a deal that would have benefited the organization financially. For this case, elimination of the paper work has seen deals being completed faster and the company gains financially.Recently, the management saw the need of introducing advanced database application software that would be able to accept the huge data the need to be store within our system. Due to this reason, they proposed to introduce Oracle database application software in the organization although the Microsoft Access database application software is still in use. The reason of using both is to ensure that all employees familiarize with the new system before implementing the Oracle database application full in the organization.Another reason of maintaining both systems in the organization is because it would take time for the organization to transfer of training the entire data store in the Microsoft Access to the Oracle system. There is still room for value as far as database management is concerned in our organization to ensure that our services are delivery even faster so that we can increase our sale and achieve our organizational goals and objectives.For this case, the organization needs to ensure that all employees familiarize themselves with the Oracle database application software so that we can fit rid of Microsoft Access. It is always wise for an organization to advance with technology since many large organization are no longer using the Microsoft Access and incase they interact, they might be a problem overdue to compatib ility of learning.There is also a need for the organization to introduce DB2 database application software which is also salute effective database application software. Organizations especially large one like ours should ensure they get rid of paper work which slows processes within the organization. They should adopt database application software that is cost effective in term of issue forth of employees to be employed to handle and maintain companys data and speed of processing information within the organization.

Crucible Essay

Telling what seems to be a handsome lie can harm others more than it harms you. Being direct is better than people macrocosm killed oer false accusations. In the hoyden The Crucible Arthur milling machine creates foil characters between Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor. Foil characters in a story is a technique used to contrast characters. In the play Abigail Williams portrays herself as an innocent young muliebrity being afflicted by the devil. In the play Elizabeth portrays herself as a good wife being accused of witch craft because Elizabeth envys her. Based on the play The Crucible Arthur Miller portrays Abigail & Elizabeth as foil characters Elizabeth being a in force(p) woman and Abigail being a dis beneficial harlot. Elizabeth is a honest woman because she doesnt lie. John Proctor realizes the only way to prove Abigail is a prevaricator and dishonest is to confess. So he confesses to to the court Abigail denies this making Danforth confused. Proctor tells Danfort h Elizabeth will never lie Mr. Danforth (III, 92). Elizabeth is an honest woman because an honest woman would never lie. Danforth no longer k straightaways who to believe on whether or non John Proctor committed lechery so he questions Proctor Your wife (Elizabeth) you say is a honest woman. Proctor In her life she has never liedmy wife cannot lie (III, 111). She is a honest woman because she wont lie and hasnt lied in her life. Therefore, in the play The Crucible Elizabeth portrays a honest woman because she does not lie.Abigail Williams portrays a dishonest harlot. John proctor confesses his sin to having an affair with Abigail and he tells the court She wishes to dance with me on my wifes (Elizabeth) graveGod help me, I lusted and at that place is a promise in such sweat. But its a whores (Abigails) avenging and you must see it(III,94). By John confessing his affair with Abigail he proves that not only is she dishonest for absent to dance on Elizabeths grave but she is a harl ot for having sexual relations with a married man. Reverend Hale sides with John Proctor by saying I believe John pointing at Abigail This girl has always struck me false (III,114). Everyone is realizing Abigail is a dishonest harlot and cannot be indisputable.The court is now seeing her for who she truly is. Abigail is a dishonest harlot because she constantly lies and commited adultery with John Proctor.In the play The Crucible Arthur Miller uses foil characterization, He portrays Abigail as a dishonest harlot that cannot be trusted and Elizabeth as a honest woman that is mistaken as a bad person. Elizabeth is a honest woman, she has never lied which makes her trustworthy. Abigail is a dishonest harlot that cant be trusted, partially wherefore she later runs off to Boston. Telling a lie whitethorn not hurt you but it may hurt others. Elizabeth was a good wife whose husband was killed because Abigail envied her. Although Abigail never meant for John to die it was her fault becau se of her lies and dishonesty.

Statement of Purpose(S.O.P.).Doc

statement of Purpose (S. O. P. ) Date- 30-Aug-2011. I am enforceing for admission to the IIML Executive Programme For Young Managers EPYM 01 I am interested in factors that affect the competitive performance of a tune concern, and the manner in which changes in technology affect an organisations structure, long-term business strategy, supply chains, distribution network, information needs and standard systems.In order to gain an appreciation of these and related issues, it is essential for me to have a strong grounding in Economics, Supply Chain Management, and issues connected with International Trade, as well as gain a popular Management perspective. I believe that the Executive Programme For Young Managers EPYM 01 would be invaluable in aid me achieve these objectives. It would enable me to channel my quantitative and conceptual skills in analysing business issues.I would like to apply for the management position where I believe, the innovativeness and having capability of putting extra efforts would definitely help me to prosper in person and professionally. I take this opportunity to brief on my background, I had completed my Diploma In bloodline in Electronics and radio Engineering from Cusrow Wadia Institute of Technology, Pune. After passing out I have successfully completed various blood related to International Business.One of the courses I had completed is a repair part-time one year course from a Symbiosis Institute of Foreign Trade, Pune. Presently I am Working In an trade firm called Indimet Pvt. Ltd, Pune having an overseas office Indimet Inc. in USA in our Organizations I am involved interaction with people at all levels of the value chain, and at organizational levels from the Chairman to a packing clerk. I am fully responsible for Import and Export of the phoner from packing the goods upto payment receipt from the customer against our Exports.The time limitation on each level of Export and Import assignment has taught me to plan well, work systematically and keep my reports up-to-date. At the same time, having to defend my analyses and recommendations, during two internal discussions and presentations to clients, has taught me to think rigorously and creatively. Our extensive use of computers for analysis and preparation of presentations and reports has made me familiar with spreadsheet, book of account processing and presentation packages. Still there are some core areas to study International business and its related issues in depth.I realise that in order to be able to do so, I need a better judgement of the various facets of management the interlinkages mingled with different functional areas and between different business entities. I want to do an Executive Programme For Young Managers EPYM 01 from IIM Lucknow for many reasons. I heard about this course from browsing in to internet for a management programs from the reputed institutes. Through this course I believe that I could improve upon my s kills in International Trade and also in understanding the business in more depth.Learnnig from IIML is a need for a Middle level professional result help to achieve a lot in person as well as for the Organisation. withal the contributions by this institute to academics of business have been unique. The fact that your students would be future leaders to take on the real business experience gives confidence that my dreams would also come true. I believe it would provide increase opportunities and brand to be a global contributor . I hope you will take a favorable decision regarding my admission and I look forward to join such an esteemed institute.

Current Strategy

CURRENT STRATEGY SUMMARY FOR INFRASTRUCTURE operations SUPPORT SERVICES (IOSS) JOINT BASE POWELL, CA This document was compiled by the IOSS project office and summarizes how to a greater extent of the articulate Base Po thoroughly Infrastructure, Operations, and Sup demeanor serving (IOSS) requirements listed in the draft PWS were acquired in the past. Each gain theater is briefly coered by providing information most any stream initiatives/ squeezes, current capital punishment problems, and stakeholder comments about any changes in projected requirements.This document is intended to booster the integrated acquisition project squad 1) understand and consider the implications of how the various IOSS service requirements were procured in the past and/or argon before long macrocosm procured 2) identify potential risks involved in fulfilling the advanced requirements and 3) contemplate the extent to which any active policies and enterprisingness sourcing strategies might sh ape the acquisition strategy for this consolidated IOSS requirement. OVERVIEWThe pass alonged IOSS requirement for articulate Base Powell includes 10 service playing welkins. Some of the requirements in these service areas halt been fulfilled through an expiring IOSS foreshorten and a material body of the services render been fulfilled through a multitude of several(prenominal) services learns. The spare- clip activity display board summarizes the primary past sources for each of the 10 service areas in the IOSS requirement. supporter Area earlier seed iron out Type Housing front IOSS hire CPIF/FFPTransportation / Motor Pool counsel Previous IOSS Contract CPIF/FFP Engineering Multiple Large and Sm either Businesses Various Janitorial/Custodial AbilityOne & Sm alone Businesses FFP Grounds belongings / Landscaping Multiple Sm only Businesses FFP Personnel Management and subscribe Large Business FFP Security apology Large Business Various Financial Management Large Business FFP flying field Management Previous IOSS Contract CPIF/FFP user interface patronage Previous IOSS Contract CPIF/FFP CURRENT/EXPIRING IOSS CONTRACTFour of the service areas envisioned as go bad of the innovative IOSS thin out are currently being fulfilled by the expiring IOSS slim with imbibe, Inc. menu / tug pool sleep withment, accommodate, airfield operations, and port operations. The current incur is a 5-year (1 traveling bag year and 4 cream years) CPIF/FFP contract, and the final option year is due to expire in a little over 12 months. Contract Infrastructure, Operations, Service and Support (IOSS) asseverator drink, Inc. (large business) NAICS Code 561210 come in cling to $97. 5M Type CPIF/FFP Period of carrying out 5 years (1-year abode with 4 option years) Below is a high- train breakdown of the exist of this contract by FY. annexation FY 20X0 FY 20X1 FY 20X2 FY 20X3 FY 20X4 Total O&M 18. 5M $18. 9M $19. 3M $19. 7M $21. 1M $97. 5M Housi ng Services The existing IOSS contract covers the following types of Housing Management Services * Housing recordming and force placement * Housing cover counselling * Housing design and renovation court estimation, budgeting, and reporting * Pre-occupancy, pre-departure, and post-departure inspections Transportation / Motor Pool Management Services The existing IOSS contract covers the following Transportation / Motor Pool Management Services * Operate, maintain, and manage all other(a) services for the facilitys motor vehicle pool * Basic passenger and cargo transportation, loading, and unloading services (as needed) field of operation Management Services The existing IOSS contract covers the following types of Airfield Management Services Airfield operations staffing * Airfield management and oversight * Airfield inspections (daily, monthly, yearly) and reporting * Airfield use planning, scheduling, and management * Coordinating with all local flying units * Flight pl anning live on Port Support The existing IOSS contract covers the following types of Port Support Services * Support for biannual transfers of leave * Port maintenance and service planning * Port signage maintenance * Fire support services * peck support services (laundry, food, etcetera * Port operational support services (fueling/defueling, vehicle maintenance and reco very, supply, etc. ) Supplier Information Strategic Infrastructure Professionals (SIP), Inc. is a large business known for their extensive control with the federal government, including works as service/capability integrators. They are one of the few companies large ample to pull unneurotic and manage the various teaming partners and sub asserters inevitable to fulfill the various requirements for an IOSS contract. Current executionHousing Among other consummation requirements, the current contract specifies that the contractor forget * Place 98% of personnel in appropriate housing deep down the doorsil l succession period * Process 95% of housing applications within the threshold eon period * Complete all housing design and renovation projects no more than 8% over the established stem turnline cost or schedule * Respond to ampere-second% of node service requests within the threshold time period * Complete 95% of all required inspections on scheduleThough acting well boilers suit under these requirements, SIP has had trouble meeting the application processing (threshold time) and customer service request (threshold response time) requirements during nearly performance review periods. SIP attributes these issues to subcontractor mismanagement (which it takes responsibility for) and unrealistic estimates of volume fluctuations. SIP has also raised several(prenominal) perplexitys about its ability to accurately estimate its costs given those comparable volume fluctuations. Transportation / Motor PoolThe transportation / motor pool management services requirements also qu alify that the contractor is required to maintain the motor pool at a threshold average approachability of 97%, as well as respond to transportation requests for cargo within all bout and emergency service calls within the specify time limits 100% of the time. SIP has had trouble meeting the transportation availability and response time requirements. SIP attributes these issues to unrealistic expectations of an aging motor pool.Airfield Management The airfield management services requirements aver that the contractor is required to maintain threshold staffing levels, complete 98% of all required inspections on schedule, submit 95% of all required reports on schedule, receive no more than pentad formalize complaints from local flying units per reporting period, and resolve all scheduling conflicts within threshold SLAs. SIP has been monitory in its performance of the Airfield Management services. Port SupportThe port support requirements depose that the contractor is required to support biannual transfers of authority with no validated complaints per transfer, complete 98% of all required service on schedule, complete 98% of all required inspections on schedule, submit 95% of all required reports on schedule, and receive no more than five dollar billr validated complaints regarding troop support and port operational support services per reporting period. SIP has been exemplary in its performance of the Port Support services.Stakeholder Comments on intercommunicate Requirements The recent BRAC decisions to move personnel and organizations to Joint Base Powell testament present some residential facilities maintenance challenges, as personnel go forth be relocating to the installation from antithetical locations on different timetables. Facilities requirements and lead times can vary as much as 30% from estimates during these planned relocations, which specify only a five-year window. Complying with the Better Buying Power memorandum and its myriad e fficiency initiatives are a top priority.The Pentagon program element monitor communicated that a 5-10% reduction in O&M documentation over the succeeding(a) 3-4 years is a realistic possibility. Stakeholders for this contract will be looking for satisfying cost savings and more granular insight into program costs. There is also some solicitude about the organizational infrastructure and support for a contract of this size and screen background. The program manager and the installation Commander are in separate chains of command from the contracting organization, which may create some challenges.In addition, the program office for this new IOSS contract will be different than the program office for the existing IOSS contract. Some institutional knowledge may be lost, and there will certainly be a learning curve when it comes to contract administration. ENGINEERING SERVICES Many base tenants and independently funded programs at Joint Base Powell pursue their own contracts for u sual engineering services. Most of these engineering services requirements are for pass engineering advisory & avail services (A&AS), but support is frequently needed for specific and clear-cut engineering projects as well.Current Initiatives/Contracts An enterprise contract for engineering A&AS is in place that individual program offices use to fulfill many of their needs for engineering services. Contract General Engineering Support Services (GESS) Contractors ManTech (large business) TEDCO (large business) Littlefield & Chang ( comminuted business) MECC, Inc. (large business) AnCal Consulting (small business) NAICS Code 541330 Total apprise $17. 3M Type IDIQ Period of Performance One year base with four option yearsBelow is a high-level breakdown of the past and projected patronage for this contract by FY. Appropriation FY 20X0 FY 20X1 FY 20X2 FY 20X3 FY 20X4 Total O&M / R&D $3. 0M $3. 3M $3. 6M $3. 7M 3. 7M $17. 3M Current Performance Now in the middle of the second opt ion year (four months remaining), there have been few issues with the contractors services to date. Each task order released under the contract specifies its own performance requirements, but in general the tasks are either FFP or incentivize the contractor to meet cost and schedule targets.Most of the issues that have arisen in this service area stem from variability in volume and conditionsthe restore of an influx of personnel from BRAC on requirements scope and scheduling, for example, or the impact of severe weather on development or building management. Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements Were looking for engineering services, including comprehensive planning, project programming, project management, design and construction management, technical assistance and evaluations, engineering support, and warranty service management.However, there has been a lot of discussion about this service area in particular. Not all functional stakeholders want these services to be c ombined. Most kindred create their own engineering contracts. Some additional comments * The requirements in this service area are likely to be impacted by local environmental regulations. * Given the amount of change orders involved in regular(prenominal) engineering services tasks, the contractor will bear an increased management burden for this service area * We need to retain cost viability, but some of the engineering services might be go around suited as task orders on an IDIQ vehicle. The evaluation standards and criteria will have to be written very clearly to allow for an accurate value judgment in this services area the current neediness of clarity around some of the afterlife requirements in this area may be an issue, as we will want to give the team room to trade off past performance and skill level against cost. JANITORIAL/CUSTODIAL SERVICES Currently, a few local small businesses and personnel supplied under the AbilityOne program pass on janitorial services for the installation.Although janitorial services arent very complex, theyre essential to maintain the installations exemplary appearance and comply with local, state, and federal laws. Janitorial services my seem like an insignificant commodity, but the personnel at the installation support a variety of critical missions and DoD functions, and the quality of the janitorial services provided affect their working environment and their ability to do their jobs. Current Contract InformationThe AbilityOne program is a Federal initiative to help people who are blind or have other significant disabilities find employment by working within a national network of over 600 Nonprofit Agencies that sell products and services to the U. S. government. The program is administered by the Committee for Purchase from People Who Are screen door or Severely Disabled. AbilityOne offers numerous products for immediate purchase through a catalog, some items on the Federal Supply Schedule, and thousands of s ervices nationwide.The National Industries for the Blind (NIB) and NISH-Creating Employment Opportunities for People with Significant Disabilities support AbilityOne, and contracting officers wishing to work with AbilityOne can provide a Statement of Work ( set out) to NIB or NISH for a price proposal. In addition to the AbilityOne program, the Installation awarded a contract nearly five years ago for custodial services. Contract Installation Custodial Services (ICS) Contractors Apex Maintenance, Inc. local veteran owned small business) Thompson Windows & Floors (local small business) A1C Professionals (local small business) NAICS Code 561720 Total Value $2,939,500 Type Firm Fixed Price (Multiple Award) Period of Performance Five year base with five option years Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation FY 20X8 FY 20X9 FY 20X0 FY 20X1 FY 20X2 Total O&M $565,000 $589,000 $592,000 $592,500 $601,000 $2. 939,500 Service RequirementsUnder this co ntractwhich was competed as a small business clan asideApex, Thompson, and A1C provide standard custodial services (interior building cleaning, restroom cleaning and deodorizing, window cleaning, rug cleaning, etc. ) for the installation. Theyre nearing the end of a five-year base period of performance (four months remaining), and there are five option years remaining on the contract. Current Performance The combination of suppliers on the ICS contract and support from the AbilityOne program has met the installations custodial services requirements satisfactorily during the base period of performance.In both cases, the SOW specifies a performance threshold for each individual service of no more than five validated customer complaints per month. The number of validated customer complaints per month has only exceeded the threshold 3 times in over 50 months on the ICS contract, and has never exceeded the threshold for the AbilityOne program. There are no significant performance issue s outstanding with any of the service providers. There are two buildings being renovated and one under construction that will need to be factored into the next contract.Currently, the Installation furnishes 1800-square feet of office space (three offices) to serve as administrative offices for the ICS contractors, as well as supply closets distributed throughout the installations facilities at the facility managers discretion. Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements We currently project no significant changes to the installations custodial requirements. Since these are commercial services, the risk of competing them seems low, with the biggest concern being avoiding gaps in service during the transition.Its unknown whether Apex, Thompson, and A1C would be willing to team with a new prime contractor. There is some political pressure to support local small businesses in the current economic climate, and we do have to consider the possibility of protests from offerors who dont w in the award. We also have to consider the recent emphasis on unbundling contracts to promote small business growth and participation in local markets. We will need to conduct an abridgment to determine the impact that bundling these services together will have on local small businesses.GROUNDS KEEPING/LANDSCAPING SERVICES Local small businesses also provide all the understanding keeping and landscaping services the installation requires. Much like janitorial services, grounds keeping and landscaping seem trivial or simple, but the quality and appearance of the landscaping and grounds can directly affect installation personnel and shape visitors lasting impressions of the installation. In other words, we take it for granted until it impacts us. The contractor will be expected to promote and maintain the appearance of all exterior areas of the installation.Current Contract Information Two contracts currently provide this service for the installation. The first, seven months into it s first option year, was awarded to Teds Tree Service, a Service-disabled Veteran Owned Small Business. Contract Tree Trimming Contractor Teds Tree Service, Inc. Number of Employees 15 NAICS Codes 561730 Total Value $360,000 Type FFP Period of Performance 3 years (1-year base with 2 option years) Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation FY 20X1 FY 20X2 TotalO&M $125,000 $117,000 $242,000 The second, five months into its first option year, is a multiple-award contract for all other lawn services. Contract Grounds Keeping and Landscaping Contractors LocalGreen (small business) YLC, Inc. (small disadvantaged business) NAICS Code 561730 Total Value $1,256,000 Type Firm Fixed Price (Multiple Award) Period of Performance 2 years (1-year base with 1 option year) Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation FY 20X1 FY 20X2 Total $623,000 $633,000 $1,256,000 Service Requirements Under these contracts, Teds provid es year-round tree trimming, pruning, removal, and maintenance and arborist consulting services, and LocalGreen and YLC provide all grounds keeping and landscaping services (lawn care, planting, walkways, patios, fertilizing, etc. ) except snow removal. Current Performance two contracts are being executed satisfactorily, and all performance thresholds have been met so far in both cases. Both contracts are in the middle of their first option years.Teds performance thresholds for tree trimming specify response times and maximum number of customer complaints. YLC and LocalGreen are also beholden to response time and customer complaint thresholds. None of the three has had a customer complaint in the last xii months. Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements As you know, we have many new residents moving onto the installation due to the BRAC initiative. This will generally impact any contract or service area on base, but especially those that pertain directly to facilities mainte nance or maintenance to the traffic areas.As with janitorial/custodial services, we currently project no significant changes to the installations grounds keeping requirements. With janitorial/custodial services, its unknown whether YLC, LocalGreen, and Teds would be willing to team with a new prime contractor. We will have to include this service area in our analysis on the impact to local small businesses of bundling these services in the next contract. PERSONNEL focal point AND SUPPORT SERVICES A large business, Jankell Corporation, currently provide our personnel management and support.While our stakeholders are pleasant with Jankells performance in this service area, personnel management and support services fit within the IOSS construct and could easily be combined with the other services in an omnibus contract. Current Contract Information The Joint Base Powells existing contract with Jankell Corporation is due to expire in May 20X1, several months prior to the expected awar d date for the new IOSS omnibus contract. Service Requirements Jankell Corp. provides the following types of Personnel Management and Support Services Human resources staff management * Personnel records maintenance and systems management * Establishing position descriptions and job qualifications * Customer service * Education and training * Counseling services * Awards programs While overall the stakeholders are satisfied, there have been some complaints. For example, complaints include the difficulty involved in acquire approval to change, update, or add position descriptions. Stakeholder Comments on Projected RequirementsWhile the other services being discussed are critical for the Joint Base Powell and its operations, Personnel Management and Support services typically impact the esprit de corps and of the workforce more so than the other services and, as such, they need to be carefully considered in terms of who is selected to perform these critical duties. Efficiency and cos t savings should not replace value when deciding on a contractor to provide these services. SECURITY PROTECTION SERVICES We have been meeting our bail/ safeguard services requirements through a large business, AlliedPro, Inc.While AlliedPro has been successfully performing typical commercial protection protection services, we would like to streamline this approach, centralizing all Joint Base Powell warrantor protection service requirements under the new IOSS contract. Current Contract Information Three years ago we awarded a contract for auspices/protection services to AlliedPro, Inc. , a large security and consulting services provider with offices in the area. Contract Security/Protection Contractor AlliedPro, Inc. Number of Employees 9250 NAICS Codes 561612 Total Value $15. 2M Type FFPPeriod of Performance 5 years (1-year base with 4 option years) Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation FY 20X9 FY 20X0 FY 20X1 FY 20X2 FY 20X3 Total O &M $2. 9M $3. 0M $3. 0M $3. 1M $3. 2M $15. 2M AlliedPro provides 45 full-time security personnel for the base the Government provides an additional 20. There are two months remaining in the second option year. Service Requirements AlliedPro security personnel (45 full-time employees) provide the following types of security protection services under this contract * Conduct routine patrols and manage dispatch Protect property and facilities * Control access to the base * get/administer cyber security systems * Conduct background checks and process security headroom applications * Issue visitor and base personnel identification cards Government security personnel (20 full-time employees) provide the following types of security protection services * Threat response * Protection for national security operations * Protection for spanking equipment * Protection for sensitive and classified information The estimated cost of the work performed by the uniformed personnel is more or less $ 1. 0M annually. Current PerformanceAmong other performance requirements, AlliedPro is expected to * Respond to 100% of incidents within the threshold time specified * Conduct 100% of routine patrols on schedule * Process 95% of background checks and security clearance applications within the threshold time specified * Maintain required training certifications and verify minimum qualifications for 100% of personnel on the contract * Ensure the rate of physical security incidents is below the threshold during at least(prenominal) 95% of the monitoring periods * Ensure the rate of cyber security incidents is below the threshold during at least 98% of the monitoring periodsCurrently, we are not satisfied with AlliedPros personnel management. In the last cardinal months there have been some issues with personal appearance, physical fitness, timeliness, and some customer complaints. AlliedPro manages a large and various workforce and works with many large clients and government agencies . Sometimes we feel these issues arent getting the oversight they should be, and that AlliedPros internal hiring standards are not as rigorous as they appear on paper.Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements Our business case analysis shows that transferring the current military support of some base security services will be cost effective, but we want to ensure that consolidation does not impact service quality in this critical service area. Were concerned with consolidating all our security/protection services under one prime, given our current situation with AlliedPro.Were also concerned with the new contractors learning curve during the transition period, as they take over protection of indispensable assets and classified information from military personnel. Another thing to consider we try to maintain a threshold number of security personnel per capita on base, the population of which increase measurably due to BRAC over the next few years. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES Currently financial management services are handled by largo, Inc. , a large business.While there is no reason to indicate that Largo is not successfully performing and that the costs are unreasonable, our business case highlights that rolling these services into the future IOSS omnibus contract will inevitably yield cost savings and related process efficiencies. Current Contract Information The Joint Base Powell contract with Largo for financial management services is in its third of four workable option years, which fortunately align with the fiscal year (the same as the targeted award date for the future IOSS contract).Estimated Annual Cost/Savings While specific savings for this specific service area have not been forecasted, market research reveals that combining these requirements with the IOSS contract will yield manpower savings, OH reductions, and a more affordable profit rate, all of which have the potential of saving the command significant money and personnel oversight in this tightly constrained budgetary environment. Service Requirements Financial management services currently include Funds control * Resource allocation * Budget execution * Funds status reports * Cost performance analysis * Funds reconciliation * Labor/payroll support * Review and reconciliation of reimbursable customer accounts Current Performance Largo, Inc. currently offers the following services and performance targets/levels * Process payroll on time 100% of the pay periods * Process payroll with 98% accuracy during all pay periods * Process all financial transactions with 98% accuracy Conduct 95% of all required audits on schedule * Submit 100% of budgets on time * Ensure compliance with generally accepted accounting principles Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements While never popular to displace a contractor that is performing well (unless Largo competes and wins the IOSS contract), the projected cost savings and process efficiencies that the pending IOSS contra ct offers justifies the transition costs and change management that will inevitably be required to implement this new approach.

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) Essay - 2

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) - Essay ExampleThis paper studies the ITIL fabric and comes to the conclusion that this body of knowledge is extremely useful for all organizations in the above mentioned areas. IntroductionThe persona of information technology (IT) in todays world is of extreme importance for the smooth runway of businesses and other organizations. It gouge be said the there is practically no field that is not stirred by IT, whether it is in manufacturing, services, defense, and even governance. The main reasons for this heavy dependence on this technology are the complexness of operations and also due to the adaptability of IT systems in fitting into every conceivable area of activity. In such a scenario, it was seen as a necessity to standardize IT management conceits and also to formulate a vex of high hat practices that can serve as a comprehensive guideline to IT based organizations. In the UK, this concept was materialized by the fo rmation of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) during the 1980s. Many governments and organizations around the world assume now accepted the guidelines as industry standard over the years. The purpose of this study is to establish whether ITIL provides the best practice guidelines for IT service management. The three points that will be used to establish the above is given here. The beginning(a) is that the ITIL does provide comprehensive guidelines and framework for efficient information technology management. The second point is that the program can be incorporated into an IT management system either in its entirety or in part. The 3rd point is that the program can be customized to suit the requirements of each individual organization. Comprehensive guidelines and ITIL In hostel to understand whether the Library does provide comprehensive guidelines it is necessary to have a detailed overview of

Gender Perspective Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gender Perspective - Term Paper ExampleMost of the females saltation their activities within the boundaries of their understructure in the past. On the other hand, men went outside for better prospects and opportunities. In other words, men got much exposure whereas women got less exposure in the past because of the different perceptions about the sexuality. Gender perspectives have been changed a lot today. Neither men, nor the women are satisfied by their present roles and they are trying to incorporate much dimensions to their gender roles today. Men are just beginning to realize that the traditional definition of masculinity leaves them unrealized and dissatisfied. While women have left the scale from which they were impris unityd by the ideology of separate spheres and now seek to balance work and family lives, men continue to search for a way back into the family from which they were exiled by the alike ideology (Kimmel, 2011, p.267) The advancements in science and tec hnology brought many changes in homo life and it also affected some of the traditional beliefs, customs and life philosophies. As the knowledge of the human increases, some of the established traditions of human life are also changing along with it. Current women are not ready to limit their lives within the boundaries of home alone. Today, they are demanding equality with males, not only in personal or lord life, but also in all the aspects of human life. The concepts about human versedity were also changed a lot in the present century. Females no longer ready to act as an instrument or slave in the bedrooms, under the strict control of men. Earlier, the major duty of the females was to satisfy the males in sexual activities even if they may not derive any pleasure out of it. However, current females are not ready to obey such traditions and they are currently not ready to engage in one sided sexual activities which give happiness only to the males. In short, gender perspectiv es in the past, present and in time to come need not be the same. This paper analyses various dimensions of current gender perspectives focusing mainly on Asia, especially China. Gender roles Genetically, males and females have some differences which cannot be neglected when we decide about assuming true duties to men and women. It is impossible for men to conceive whereas it is impossible for a woman to give birth to a child without seeking help from a male. In other words, mutual cooperation among men and women is a prerequisite enforced by the nature for sustaining life on earth. Risk taking attitudes are more among males because of their splendid muscle power whereas females may possesses more soft skills than males. It is difficult for men to look after their children as their wives do. Traditionally or historically, males have the responsibility of finding the livelihood whereas the females have the responsibility of the development of children and home management. However, such concepts have changed a lot at present and all these responsibilities are shared as by the male and female community at present. Professional life is no more particular to males and child management is no more limited to females. The gender perspective looks at the impact of gender on peoples opportunities, social roles and interactions. Successful implementation of the policy, program and project goals of international and national organizations is directly affected by the impact of gender and, in turn, influences the process of social development. Gender is an integral component